Exploring the Dimensions of Perfectionism in Adolescence: A Multi-Method Study on Mental Health and CBT-Based Psychoeducation

Abstract: Background: Perfectionism in adolescents can have both adaptive and maladaptive
forms, with implications for mental health and school performance. This study aimed
to investigate the relationships among perfectionism, mental health factors, and emotional
regulation in adolescents and to evaluate the efficacy of psychoeducational interventions.
Methods: Two studies were conducted: (1) A cross-sectional study (n = 261) examined the
correlations among perfectionism, mental health factors, and emotional regulation. (2) An
experimental study (n = 115) evaluated the effects of psychoeducation on perfectionism
and healthy habits compared with a control group. The measures included questionnaires
on perfectionism, depression, anxiety, stress, and emotional regulation. Results: Study 1
found that maladaptive perfectionism was positively correlated with depression (r = 0.52,
p < 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), stress (r = 0.45, p < 0.001), and difficulties in emotional
regulation (r = 0.39, p < 0.001). Adaptive perfectionism was negatively correlated with
deficits in emotional understanding (r = −0.31, p < 0.05). Study 2 showed that psychoeducational
interventions reduced maladaptive perfectionism (mean difference = −5.7, p < 0.05,
Cohen’s d = 0.62) and depression levels (mean difference = −3.2, p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.38)
but increased stress in the experimental groups. No significant changes were observed
in adaptive perfectionism or the anxiety level. Conclusions: These findings highlight the
complex relationships among perfectionism, mental health, and emotional regulation in
adolescents. Targeted interventions can reduce maladaptive perfectionism and its associated
negative effects. Further research is needed on the long-term outcomes and refinement
of interventional strategies.